Nutty
Hazelnut, almond and toasted notes: Gruyere, Comte, Emmental and aged Manchego.
Nutty cheeses taste of hazelnut, almond, walnut or toasted bread. The notes build slowly as a cheese ages and its proteins and fats break down, so they are strongest in Alpine wheels such as Comté, Gruyère, Beaufort and Emmental, in aged Manchego and Gouda, and in Parmigiano Reggiano. Sheep's milk brings a nuttiness of its own, even in younger cheeses.
How nuttiness develops
During ripening, enzymes from the rennet, the milk and the bacteria cut proteins into peptides and amino acids, and fats into fatty acids. Some of these products, together with compounds made by propionic bacteria in Emmental-type cheeses, read on the tongue as nutty and sweet. The high cooking temperature of Alpine curd and the slow, cool ageing of large wheels favour these notes. Age shows clearly: a young Comté tastes of fresh milk and butter, a two-year Comté of roasted hazelnut and broth.
Pasture and the vat
What the animals eat shapes the result. Summer cheese made from the milk of cows on flowering mountain pasture tends to be fruitier and more nutty than winter cheese made from hay-fed milk. The makers of Comté have drawn up a wheel of aromas that lists dozens of notes, from hazelnut and walnut to toasted bread, brown butter and cocoa, so that tasters can describe each wheel. Sheep's milk cheeses such as Manchego and Ossau-Iraty have a nutty sweetness from the milk's high fat.
Using nutty cheese
Nutty cheeses are among the best for cooking, since they melt smoothly and their flavour holds in heat. Gruyère and Comté go into fondue, croque monsieur, French onion soup and gratins, and Emmental fills cheese sandwiches across Europe. On a board, they pair with walnuts, dried fruit and dry white wines, and vin jaune, the yellow wine of the Jura, is the classic match for Comté. Brown ale and dry cider suit them too.
Worth knowing
- Comté: Jura wheel, nuttier with every month
- Gruyère: Swiss wheel of fondue and gratins
- Beaufort: Savoie wheel from mountain pasture
- Emmental: Sweet and nutty, with big holes
- Manchego: Aged sheep's milk cheese of La Mancha
- Ossau-Iraty: Pyrenean sheep's milk cheese
- Parmigiano Reggiano: Nutty, savoury and crystalline
Sources and further reading
Original text by the EveryCheese desk, written with AI assistance and checked against the sources above. Customs are described as tradition, not as advice. If we have something wrong, tell us.
Nutty on EveryCheese
The cheeses written up so far, best known first.
🇨🇭 Switzerland and 2 moreGruyère
A hard, pressed Swiss cheese made from raw cow's milk, aged for several months.Cow · Hard · Sweet and caramel
🇮🇹 ItalyGrana Padano
A hard, grainy Italian cow's-milk cheese aged for at least nine months in the Po Valley.Cow · Hard · Nutty
🇨🇭 SwitzerlandAppenzeller
A hard, washed-rind cow's-milk cheese from northeast Switzerland with a herbal brine rind.Cow · Hard · Nutty
🇮🇹 Italy and 4 moreCaciocavallo
A stretched-curd cheese from southern Italy shaped like a teardrop and aged to develop a hard rind.Cow · Stretched curd · Nutty
🇫🇷 France and 1 moreMimolette
A bright orange cow's-milk cheese from northern France, aged with mites for a nutty flavor.Cow · Hard · Nutty
🇬🇧 United KingdomRed Leicester
A hard, crumbly cow's-milk cheese from England, aged for months and coloured with annatto.Cow · Hard · Sweet and caramel
🇸🇪 SwedenVästerbottenVästerbottensost
A hard, salty Swedish cow's milk cheese aged at least a year in VästerbottenCow · Hard · Salty
🇪🇸 SpainMahónformatge de Maó / queso de Mahón
A cow's-milk cheese from Menorca that ranges from soft and mild to hard and sharp.Cow · Semi-soft · Buttery and creamy
🇮🇹 ItalyGrana
A family of hard, granular Italian cow's-milk cheeses known for grating.Cow · Hard · Nutty
🇦🇹 Austria and 2 moreVorarlberger Bergkäse
A hard, nutty cow's-milk cheese from the Austrian Alps, aged for months or years.Cow · Hard · Nutty
🇮🇪 Ireland and 1 moreDubliner
A hard, granular Irish cow's-milk cheese aged for at least a year.Cow · Hard · Sweet and caramel
🇨🇿 Czech Republic and 1 moreGran Moravia
A hard, long-aged cow's-milk grana-style cheese from the Czech Republic.Cow · Hard · Nutty
🇩🇪 GermanyHirtenkäse
A German hard cheese aged for eight months, known for its golden color and savory flavor.Cow · Hard · Nutty
🇬🇧 United KingdomLancashire cheese
A cow's-milk cheese from England with three main styles: creamy, tasty, and crumbly.Cow · Semi-hard · Nutty
🇬🇧 United KingdomCheddar
A pressed cow's-milk cheese from England, defined by the cheddaring process and long aging.Cow · Semi-hard · Nutty
Photo credits on this page
The small pictures above come from Wikimedia Commons under free licences. Some are cropped to fit.
- Mahón: Slastic, Public domain, source
- Mimolette: Peachyeung316, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Lancashire cheese: Jon Sullivan, Public domain, source
- Västerbotten: Nata Uploaded by File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), CC BY 2.0, source
- Red Leicester: Jon Sullivan, Public domain, source
- Gruyère: Rolf Krahl ( Rotkraut ), CC BY 4.0, source
- Grana: MOs810, CC BY-SA 3.0, source
- Grana Padano: Claudia Castaldi, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Caciocavallo: Peachyeung316, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Appenzeller: Ulled, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Vorarlberger Bergkäse: Hubertl, CC BY-SA 4.0, source
- Dubliner: B137, CC0, source
- Hirtenkäse: Heinrich von Zügel, Public domain, source
- Cheddar: Gary Bembridge, CC BY 2.0, source